Geology

Limestone Landscapes - 1 day

Investigation of the geology of Ingleborough with a linear mapping exercise identifying rock types and structures. Water samples are taken at several points. A trip down Ingleborough Cave is also possible. Limestone landscape features, water chemistry and drainage are linked to faulting, bedding and glacial history. Drawing up field notes on map, linking lithology to topography. In the follow-up session we relate our results to the published succession, carry out water sample analysis and interpret the evidence collected.

Waterfall sections and succession - 2½ days

Working at sites above and below the Great Scar Limestone, considering depositional environments, making graphic logs, and examining cyclothems and fossil assemblages.

Quarries and deposition - 1 day

Quarry visits to view exposed folding structures and rock types. Students will consider the conflicts caused by quarrying in the National Park. Study the nature of the unconformity and the implications for pre-unconformity history. An investigation into the Carboniferous-Silurian unconformity.

Oldest and Youngest - 1 day

An investigation into the glacial/peri-glacial/post glacial features evident around the Three Peaks area - erratics, scoured pavement, roche moutonées, valley forms, moraines, glacial lake sites and overflow channels. This day gives the students an overview of area, an opportunity to see many rock types and sets the context.

Malham and the Craven Faults - 1 day

Limestone and structural day. Faulting effects and joint orientation in limestone pavement related to fault blocks, mining (Pikedaw) and dolines.

Sedimentary Structures and Weathering - 1 day

Students use bedding structures to determine way-up and sedimentary history. Interpreting a new location - applying what we know. Folding, faulting, fossils as environmental indicators and water supply.

Soils - ½ day

An investigation into upland soil types around Malham Tarn. Colour, texture, pH, and notation of horizons will be measured so that the soils can be analysed and interpreted.

Folding and Sedimentary Stuctures - 1 day

Investigating L Palaeozoic rocks in situ. Students examine bedding features such as flute casts, sole marks, folding and cleavage. There are also exposures of folded and weathered turbidites with bedding features. This day also provides a puzzling exposure for the students to interpret.